TASK 1
a) A single camera technique is a scene filmed with one camera, the shots are edited to appear as one fluent scene.
b) Advantages:
- Easier to film in small spaces
- Using one camera keeps equipment costs low
- Easier to control the aesthetics as you only have to worry about the lighting and scenery for one camera
- Often used by filmmakers in observation style film-making which uses fewer cuts
Disadvantages:
- Takes longer to shoot in comparison to multi-camera set up
- You can lose track of where the 180 degree line originally was
- Often have to film a scene out of sequence; this can be harder for actors as they lose continuity of their emotional journey
- With a multi-camera set up you are more likely to catch the best performances of the actors as you have more footage from each take
- You don't get as much coverage of each scene
c) Multi-camera is when multiple cameras are connected to a video mixer. The director has a choice of shots and it is broadcasted live.
d) Single Camera Shows:
- Scrubs
- Prison Break
- Game of Thrones
Multi-Camera Shows:
- Jeremy Kyle Show
- BBC News
- MOTD
Genre: A genre can be recognised by its common set of distinguishing features - category
TASK 2
Series: a group or connected succession of similar or related things, usually arranged in order
Single drama: a one-off story for TV, and is usually based on a topical issue
Crime drama genre: a sub-genre of the television drama genre and usually focuses on the committing and solving of a crime. They are the fictional recreation of real-life stories
Soap Opera genre: a television serial dealing especially with domestic situations and frequently characterised by melodrama and sentimentality.
Sitcom/ Comedy: a genre of comedy centred on a fixed set of characters who carry over from episode to episode
Linear Narrative: a story that includes plot, characters, setting, climax and resolution
Nonlinear Narrative: the narrative does not follow the direct pattern of the events featured, such as parallel distinctive plot lines, dream immersions or narrating another story inside the main plot-line
Multi-Strand Narrative: a narrative with multiple strands can have two or more isolated groups of characters existing at once
Open Ending Narrative: is when a film or a show ends with no clues of what is going to happen next. it keeps the story unresolved so that it can keep the audience interested in the story
Closed Ending Narrative: something is left unresolved allows the audience continue guessing and debating
Realist Narrative: narrative realism holds that narrative structures exist in the human world and not simply in the stories that people tell about that world
Anti-Realist Narrative: An anti-realist narrative aims to present the viewer with a situation or concept that is clearly 'made-up' or unreal
TASK 3
Camera Shot Types
Close up: shot that tightly frames a person or object
Extreme close up: shot is so tight that only a detail of the subject, such as someone's eyes, can be seen
Medium shot: a camera angle shot from a medium distance
Establishing shot: usually the first shot of a new scene, designed to show the audience where the action is taking place. It is usually a very wide shot or extreme wide shot
Long shot: typically shows the entire object or human figure and is usually intended to place it in some relation to its surroundings
High angle: where the camera looks down on the subject from a high angle and the point of focus often gets "swallowed up
Low angle: a shot from a camera angle positioned low on the vertical axis, anywhere below the eye line, looking up
Coverage: the amount and kind of footage shot used to capture a scene in filmmaking and video production
Camera Movement
Track: movement parallel to the action, or at least at a constant distance
Pan: swivelling a still or video camera horizontally from a fixed position
Tilt: the camera stays fixed but rotates up and down on a vertical plane the camera stays fixed but rotates up and down on a vertical plane
Zoom: altering the focal length of the lens to give the illusion of moving closer to or further away from the action
Lighting
High Key: aims to reduce the lighting ratio present in the scene
Low Key: accentuates the contours of the subject by throwing areas into shade while a fill light or reflector may illuminate the shadow areas to control contrast
Natural: Nature's illumination: daylight, even on interiors. The term implies that the source is not artificial
Artificial: light that comes from intentionally man-made light sources, such as light bulbs or fluorescent lights
Editing
Continuity: he maintenance of continuous action and self-consistent detail in the various scenes of a movie, or any other audio-visual media
Cut: is an abrupt, but usually trivial film transition from one sequence to another
Montage: an editing technique in which shots are juxtaposed in an often fast-paced fashion that compresses time and conveys a lot of information in a relatively short period
Split-Screen: is the visible division of the screen, traditionally in half, but also in several simultaneous images, rupturing the illusion that the screen's frame is a seamless view of reality, similar to that of the human eye
Sound
Diegetic: noise which has a source on-screen
Non-Diegetic: noise which does not have a source on-screen, they have been added in
Scripting
Building a scene/story: a written work by screenwriters for a film, television program, or video game. These screenplays can be original works or adaptations from existing pieces of writing. In them, the movement, actions, expression and dialogues of the characters are also narrated
TASK 4
Does the clip reveal a linear or non-linear narrative?
How can you tel this?
Realist or anti-realist? How can you tell this?
Open or closed ending? How can you tell this?
What genre is the programme or film?
How can you tell the genre?
(Characters, editing, camera, narrative, lighting, settings, sounds, themes)
a) A single camera technique is a scene filmed with one camera, the shots are edited to appear as one fluent scene.
b) Advantages:
- Easier to film in small spaces
- Using one camera keeps equipment costs low
- Easier to control the aesthetics as you only have to worry about the lighting and scenery for one camera
- Often used by filmmakers in observation style film-making which uses fewer cuts
Disadvantages:
- Takes longer to shoot in comparison to multi-camera set up
- You can lose track of where the 180 degree line originally was
- Often have to film a scene out of sequence; this can be harder for actors as they lose continuity of their emotional journey
- With a multi-camera set up you are more likely to catch the best performances of the actors as you have more footage from each take
- You don't get as much coverage of each scene
c) Multi-camera is when multiple cameras are connected to a video mixer. The director has a choice of shots and it is broadcasted live.
d) Single Camera Shows:
- Scrubs
- Prison Break
- Game of Thrones
Multi-Camera Shows:
- Jeremy Kyle Show
- BBC News
- MOTD
Genre: A genre can be recognised by its common set of distinguishing features - category
TASK 2
Series: a group or connected succession of similar or related things, usually arranged in order
Single drama: a one-off story for TV, and is usually based on a topical issue
Crime drama genre: a sub-genre of the television drama genre and usually focuses on the committing and solving of a crime. They are the fictional recreation of real-life stories
Soap Opera genre: a television serial dealing especially with domestic situations and frequently characterised by melodrama and sentimentality.
Sitcom/ Comedy: a genre of comedy centred on a fixed set of characters who carry over from episode to episode
Linear Narrative: a story that includes plot, characters, setting, climax and resolution
Nonlinear Narrative: the narrative does not follow the direct pattern of the events featured, such as parallel distinctive plot lines, dream immersions or narrating another story inside the main plot-line
Multi-Strand Narrative: a narrative with multiple strands can have two or more isolated groups of characters existing at once
Open Ending Narrative: is when a film or a show ends with no clues of what is going to happen next. it keeps the story unresolved so that it can keep the audience interested in the story
Closed Ending Narrative: something is left unresolved allows the audience continue guessing and debating
Realist Narrative: narrative realism holds that narrative structures exist in the human world and not simply in the stories that people tell about that world
Anti-Realist Narrative: An anti-realist narrative aims to present the viewer with a situation or concept that is clearly 'made-up' or unreal
TASK 3
Camera Shot Types
Close up: shot that tightly frames a person or object
Extreme close up: shot is so tight that only a detail of the subject, such as someone's eyes, can be seen
Medium shot: a camera angle shot from a medium distance
Establishing shot: usually the first shot of a new scene, designed to show the audience where the action is taking place. It is usually a very wide shot or extreme wide shot
Long shot: typically shows the entire object or human figure and is usually intended to place it in some relation to its surroundings
High angle: where the camera looks down on the subject from a high angle and the point of focus often gets "swallowed up
Low angle: a shot from a camera angle positioned low on the vertical axis, anywhere below the eye line, looking up
Coverage: the amount and kind of footage shot used to capture a scene in filmmaking and video production
Camera Movement
Track: movement parallel to the action, or at least at a constant distance
Pan: swivelling a still or video camera horizontally from a fixed position
Tilt: the camera stays fixed but rotates up and down on a vertical plane the camera stays fixed but rotates up and down on a vertical plane
Zoom: altering the focal length of the lens to give the illusion of moving closer to or further away from the action
Lighting
High Key: aims to reduce the lighting ratio present in the scene
Low Key: accentuates the contours of the subject by throwing areas into shade while a fill light or reflector may illuminate the shadow areas to control contrast
Natural: Nature's illumination: daylight, even on interiors. The term implies that the source is not artificial
Artificial: light that comes from intentionally man-made light sources, such as light bulbs or fluorescent lights
Editing
Continuity: he maintenance of continuous action and self-consistent detail in the various scenes of a movie, or any other audio-visual media
Cut: is an abrupt, but usually trivial film transition from one sequence to another
Montage: an editing technique in which shots are juxtaposed in an often fast-paced fashion that compresses time and conveys a lot of information in a relatively short period
Split-Screen: is the visible division of the screen, traditionally in half, but also in several simultaneous images, rupturing the illusion that the screen's frame is a seamless view of reality, similar to that of the human eye
Sound
Diegetic: noise which has a source on-screen
Non-Diegetic: noise which does not have a source on-screen, they have been added in
Scripting
Building a scene/story: a written work by screenwriters for a film, television program, or video game. These screenplays can be original works or adaptations from existing pieces of writing. In them, the movement, actions, expression and dialogues of the characters are also narrated
TASK 4
Does the clip reveal a linear or non-linear narrative?
How can you tel this?
Realist or anti-realist? How can you tell this?
Open or closed ending? How can you tell this?
What genre is the programme or film?
How can you tell the genre?
(Characters, editing, camera, narrative, lighting, settings, sounds, themes)
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